MicroBiology

DNA microarray is a unique technology found in the fields of molecular biology and medicine. It consists of the features which are the arrayed series of thousands of DNA oligonucleotides microscopic spots, each such spot contain picomoles of specific DNA sequence. There can also be a short selection of any other DNA or a gene which is used as probes to hybridize a cRNA or cDNA sample under high stingency conditions. Fluorescence based method of fluorophore label targets to determine the relative abundance of nucleic acid sequence in target for detection is used for the detection and quantification of the Probe-target hybridization.

A covalent bond attracts the probes to the chemical matix in the standard type of microarrays. Colloquially Affy chip or the standard solid surface of glass or silicon surface also known as gene chip is used. Some of the microarray platforms like the illumina make use of the microscopic beads. DNA microarrays use DNA as part of its detection system.

SNPs (single nucleotide polymorephisms) or the changes in the expression levels are detected and measured by the DNA microarrays. Also there is considerable amount of difference in the accuracy,fabrication, cost and working system of the DNA Microarrays.